下面讲讲关于使用xtrabackup工具实现mysql的多实例备份和还原，文字的奥妙在于贴近主题相关。所以，闲话就不谈了，我们直接看下文吧，相信看完使用xtrabackup工具实现mysql的多实例备份和还原这篇文章你一定会有所受益。1、安装percona-xtrabackup# 下载安装包：
# 安装依赖库：
# 创建备份的目录：
# 创建备份用户和授权：
2、 备份3306实例：
说明：
–defaults-file，指定mysql实例的配置文件
–socket，指定socket的位置
–user，指定备份的用户
–password，指定用户名称
/mysqlbackup/fullbackup/3306，这里我们将实例备份到/mysqlbackup/fullbackup/3306目录下
3、模拟3306数据文件丢失
说明：此时数据库已经没法正常运行，检查错误日志，发现没有了data目录
161012 04:40:35 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /data/3306/mysqld.pid ended
161012 04:42:10 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/3306/data
161012 4:42:10 [Warning] Can’t create test file /data/3306/data/mysql-master.lower-test
161012 4:42:10 [Warning] Can’t create test file /data/3306/data/mysql-master.lower-test
/application/mysql-5.5.32/bin/mysqld: Can’t change dir to ‘/data/3306/data/’ (Errcode: 2)
161012 4:42:10 [ERROR] Aborting
161012 4:42:10 [Note] /application/mysql-5.5.32/bin/mysqld: Shutdown complete161012 04:42:10 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /data/3306/mysqld.pid ended4、mysql全备数据恢复：
# mkdir -p /data/3306/data
# 对于一般恢复，都是直接用备份文件还原，如果我们这里也是直接运用该备份文件，则可能会导致一些意想不到的问题，比如:备份的数据中可能会包含尚未提交的事务或已经提交但尚未同步至数据文件中的事务。因此，此时数据文件处于不一致的状态，我们现在就是要通过回滚未提交的事务及同步已经提交的事务至数据文件也使得数据文件处于一致性状态。所以我们要用如下命令进行检查：
161012 04:53:07 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
prints “completed OK!”.innobackupex version 2.3.2 based on MySQL server 5.6.24 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 306a2e0)
xtrabackup: cd to /mysqlbackup/fullbackup/3306/2016-10-12_04-32-49/
xtrabackup: This target seems to be already prepared with –apply-log-only.
xtrabackup: notice: xtrabackup_logfile was already used to ‘–prepare’.
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = ./
xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./
xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 50331648
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = ./
xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./
xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 50331648
xtrabackup: Starting InnoDB instance for recovery.
xtrabackup: Using 104857600 bytes for buffer pool (set by –use-memory parameter)
InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 100.0M
InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
xtrabackup: Last MySQL binlog file position 2442, file name /data/3306/mysql-bin.000008xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
InnoDB: Starting shutdown…
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1606678
161012 04:53:08 completed OK!# innobackupex –defaults-file=/data/3306/my.cnf –copy-back /mysqlbackup/fullbackup/3306/2016-10-12_04-32-49/
161012 04:56:32 innobackupex: Starting the copy-back operationIMPORTANT: Please check that the copy-back run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful copy-back run innobackupex
prints “completed OK!”.innobackupex version 2.3.2 based on MySQL server 5.6.24 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 306a2e0)
161012 04:56:32 [01] Copying ib_logfile0 to /data/3306/data/ib_logfile0
161012 04:56:33 [01] …done
161012 04:56:33 [01] Copying ib_logfile1 to /data/3306/data/ib_logfile1
161012 04:56:34 [01] …done
161012 04:56:34 [01] Copying ibdata1 to /data/3306/data/ibdata1
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./james/db.opt to /data/3306/data/james/db.opt
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./ems/db.opt to /data/3306/data/ems/db.opt
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/func.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/func.MYD
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone.MYD
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_topic.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/help_topic.MYD
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/tables_priv.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/tables_priv.MYI
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/db.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/db.MYD
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/proc.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/proc.frm
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_relation.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/help_relation.MYI
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/proxies_priv.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/proxies_priv.MYI
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/func.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/func.frm
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/plugin.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/plugin.MYD
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/user.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/user.frm
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone_transition.MYD
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYD
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/general_log.CSV to /data/3306/data/mysql/general_log.CSV
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/event.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/event.MYI
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_leap_second.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone_leap_second.frm
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_relation.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/help_relation.frm
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYD
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/procs_priv.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/procs_priv.frm
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/db.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/db.frm
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/event.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/event.frm
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/plugin.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/plugin.MYI
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_category.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/help_category.frm
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_name.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone_name.MYD
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/event.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/event.MYD
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/proc.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/proc.MYI
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/tables_priv.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/tables_priv.MYD
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/servers.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/servers.frm
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYI
161012 04:56:36 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/proxies_priv.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/proxies_priv.MYD
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/procs_priv.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/procs_priv.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/slow_log.CSV to /data/3306/data/mysql/slow_log.CSV
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone_transition.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/procs_priv.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/procs_priv.MYD
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_topic.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/help_topic.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/user.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/user.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_keyword.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/help_keyword.MYD
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/db.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/db.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/func.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/func.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/servers.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/servers.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_category.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/help_category.MYD
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/host.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/host.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_category.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/help_category.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/proxies_priv.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/proxies_priv.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/general_log.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/general_log.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_keyword.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/help_keyword.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/proc.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/proc.MYD
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/columns_priv.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/columns_priv.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/slow_log.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/slow_log.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_topic.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/help_topic.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_keyword.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/help_keyword.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_name.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone_name.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/host.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/host.MYD
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/columns_priv.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/columns_priv.MYD
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/user.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/user.MYD
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/ndb_binlog_index.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/ndb_binlog_index.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/tables_priv.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/tables_priv.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/general_log.CSM to /data/3306/data/mysql/general_log.CSM
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYD
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/servers.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/servers.MYD
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/host.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/host.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_name.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone_name.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_relation.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/help_r开发云主机域名elation.MYD
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone_transition.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/slow_log.CSM to /data/3306/data/mysql/slow_log.CSM
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/columns_priv.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/columns_priv.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition_type.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone_transition_type.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/plugin.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/plugin.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_instance.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_instance.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/file_instances.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/file_instances.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/performance_timers.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/performance_timers.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/file_summary_by_event_name.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/file_summary_by_event_name.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_thread_by_event_name.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_thread_by_event_name.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_current.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/events_waits_current.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/setup_instruments.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/setup_instruments.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/threads.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/threads.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/file_summary_by_instance.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/file_summary_by_instance.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_history.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/events_waits_history.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/rwlock_instances.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/rwlock_instances.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/setup_consumers.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/setup_consumers.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/setup_timers.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/setup_timers.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/mutex_instances.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/mutex_instances.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_history_long.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/events_waits_history_long.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/cond_instances.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/cond_instances.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/db.opt to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/db.opt
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./wh510/db.opt to /data/3306/data/wh510/db.opt
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./www/db.opt to /data/3306/data/www/db.opt
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./xtrabackup_info to /data/3306/data/xtrabackup_info
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./blog/db.opt to /data/3306/data/blog/db.opt
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb to /data/3306/data/xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./opark/person.frm to /data/3306/data/opark/person.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./opark/db.opt to /data/3306/data/opark/db.opt
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./dawnpro/db.opt to /data/3306/data/dawnpro/db.opt
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./eip/db.opt to /data/3306/data/eip/db.opt
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./hangzhou_dawnpro/db.opt to /data/3306/data/hangzhou_dawnpro/db.opt
161012 04:56:37 [01] …done
161012 04:56:37 completed OK!
说明：innobackup的copy-back用于执行恢复操作时，它是通过复制所有数据相关文件至MySQL数据目录，因此，需要清空数据目录。
5、更改数据库目录权限
6、开启mysql服务启动mysql发现没法起来，检查日志信息如下（InnoDB: Error: log file ./ib_logfile0 is of different size 0 50331648 bytes）：
# tail -15 mysql_oldboy3306.err
161012 5:00:15 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
161012 5:00:15 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
161012 5:00:15 InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
161012 5:00:15 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 32.0M
161012 5:00:15 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
InnoDB: Error: log file ./ib_logfile0 is of different size 0 50331648 bytes
InnoDB: than specified in the .cnf file 0 4194304 bytes!
161012 5:00:15 [ERROR] Plugin ‘InnoDB’ init function returned error.
161012 5:00:15 [ERROR] Plugin ‘InnoDB’ registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed.
161012 5:00:15 [ERROR] Unknown/unsupported storage engine: InnoDB
161012 5:00:15 [ERROR] Aborting161012 5:00:15 [Note] /application/mysql-5.5.32/bin/mysqld: Shutdown complete161012 05:00:15 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /data/3306/mysqld.pid ended
7、进入数据库进行验证
12rowsinset(0.01sec)对于以上使用xtrabackup工具实现mysql的多实例备份和还原相关内容，大家还有什么不明白的地方吗？或者想要了解更多相关，可以继续关注我们的行业资讯板块。
本文主要给大家介绍Mysql 支持的主要开发云主机域名三种字符类型，希望可以给大家补充和更新些知识，如有其它问题需要了解的可以持续在开发云行业资讯里面关注我的更新文章的。MySQL支持多种类型，大致可以分为三类：数值、日期/时间和字符串(字符)类型。MySQL…
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